Em busca de um fórum para bioética na política pública do Brasil

O artigo focaliza a bioética enquanto tema da política pública. Analisa os principais códigos internacionais referentes à ética biomédica e apresenta uma sucinta revisão do trabalho de algumas comissões nacionais de bioética de países desenvolvidos. Concluindo, a autora assinala os aspectos mais relevantes e controvertidos a serem considerados na experiência brasileira

A infância nos almanaques: nacionalismo, saúde e educação (Brasil 1920-1940) Childhood in almanacs: nationalism, health and education (Brazil 1920-1940)

Os almanaques de farmácia foram veículos de difusão não só de medicamentos, mas também de ideias relacionadas com o projeto de modernização da sociedade brasileira. No período entre 1920 a 1940, eles se dedicaram a vários temos vinculados à infância. Associava-se o progresso a uma infância bem-cuidada e disciplinada. As amas de leite e o tipo de amamentação foram objetos de obstinados debates. Além disso, nota-se a preocupação com os aspectos educacionais em atividades como jogos e passatempos, assim como em artigos e editoriais sobre campanhas de alfabetização, a manutenção de escolas e a publicação de materiais didáticos, como abecedários e tabuadas. A mulher é interlocutora privilegiada, tanto em relação aos cuidados e indicações de medicamentos e alimentos quanto nas atividades educativas propostas para as crianças. Cuidar e educar a criança simbolizava a introdução de padrões modernizadores no Brasil.<br>The pharmacy almanacs were a source of diffusion not only for medicines but also for ideas related with a project for the modernization of the Brazilian society. In the period 1920-1940 such publications dealt with several topics regarding childhood. Progress was associated with a well-cared and disciplined childhood. Wet-nurses and the type of breastfeeding were the subject of stubborn debates. Besides, it was also common the concern with educational issues in activities like games and pastimes, as well as in articles and texts about literacy campaigns, school maintenance and the publication of didactic materials, alphabets and multiplication tables. The woman is a privileged addressee, both on issues related with medicine and food care, and also on educative activities aimed at children. To care for and to educate a child symbolized the introduction of patterns that modernized many aspects of the Brazilian society

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data